\ textit {objection:}基于gadolinium的对比剂(GBCA)已被广泛用于更好地可视化脑磁共振成像中的疾病(MRI)。然而,大脑和身体内部的gadolin量引起了人们对使用GBCA的安全问题。因此,在提供类似的对比度信息的同时,可以减少甚至消除GBCA暴露的新方法的发展将在临床上具有重大用途。 \ textit {方法:}在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于深度学习的方法,用于对脑肿瘤患者的对比增强T1合成。 3D高分辨率完全卷积网络(FCN)通过处理和聚合并行的多尺度信息保持高分辨率信息,旨在将前对比度MRI序列映射到对比度增强的MRI序列。具体而言,将三个前对比的MRI序列T1,T2和表观扩散系数图(ADC)用作输入,而对比后T1序列则被用作目标输出。为了减轻正常组织与肿瘤区域之间的数据不平衡问题,我们引入了局部损失,以改善肿瘤区域的贡献,从而可以更好地增强对肿瘤的增强结果。 \ textIt {结果:}进行了广泛的定量和视觉评估,我们提出的模型在大脑中达到28.24db的PSNR,在肿瘤区域达到21.2db。 \ textit {结论和意义:}我们的结果表明,用深度学习产生的合成对比图像代替GBCA的潜力。代码可在\ url {https://github.com/chenchao666/contrast-enhanced-mri-synthesis中获得
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The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.
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This paper proposes a perception and path planning pipeline for autonomous racing in an unknown bounded course. The pipeline was initially created for the 2021 evGrandPrix autonomous division and was further improved for the 2022 event, both of which resulting in first place finishes. Using a simple LiDAR-based perception pipeline feeding into an occupancy grid based expansion algorithm, we determine a goal point to drive. This pipeline successfully achieved reliable and consistent laps in addition with occupancy grid algorithm to know the ways around a cone-defined track with an averaging speeds of 6.85 m/s over a distance 434.2 meters for a total lap time of 63.4 seconds.
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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a tremendous impact across most areas of science. Applications of AI in healthcare have the potential to improve our ability to detect, diagnose, prognose, and intervene on human disease. For AI models to be used clinically, they need to be made safe, reproducible and robust, and the underlying software framework must be aware of the particularities (e.g. geometry, physiology, physics) of medical data being processed. This work introduces MONAI, a freely available, community-supported, and consortium-led PyTorch-based framework for deep learning in healthcare. MONAI extends PyTorch to support medical data, with a particular focus on imaging, and provide purpose-specific AI model architectures, transformations and utilities that streamline the development and deployment of medical AI models. MONAI follows best practices for software-development, providing an easy-to-use, robust, well-documented, and well-tested software framework. MONAI preserves the simple, additive, and compositional approach of its underlying PyTorch libraries. MONAI is being used by and receiving contributions from research, clinical and industrial teams from around the world, who are pursuing applications spanning nearly every aspect of healthcare.
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高斯工艺(GPS)是贝叶斯非参数模型,由于其准确性和天然不确定性定量(UQ),因此在各种应用中流行。调整GP超参数对于确保预测准确性和不确定性的有效性至关重要。独特地估计多个超参数,例如Matern内核也可能是一个重大挑战。此外,大规模数据集中的培训GPS是一个高度活跃的研究领域:传统的最大似然超参数训练需要二次记忆以形成协方差矩阵并具有立方训练的复杂性。为了解决可扩展的超参数调整问题,我们提出了一种新型算法,该算法估算了Matern内核中的平滑度和长度尺度参数,以提高所得预测不确定性的鲁棒性。使用与超参数估计算法MUYGPS提供的计算框架中的合并预测算法相似的新型损失函数,我们在数值实验中证明了高度可伸缩性,同时保持了高度可伸缩性。
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本文报告了对使用一辆或多种无人地面车辆(USV)快速识别通道的快速识别通道问题的研究。一种称为基于建议的自适应通道搜索(PBAC)的新算法作为一种潜在的解决方案,可改善当前方法。将PBAC的经验性能与割草机测量和马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)计划进行了比较,该计划具有两个最先进的奖励功能:上限置信度(UCB)和最大价值信息(MVI)。通过比较使用一个,两个,三个或四个USV识别连续通道的时间来评估每种方法的性能。在十个模拟的测深场景和一个野外区域中比较每种方法的性能,每种方法都有不同的频道布局。模拟和现场试验的结果表明,平均多车辆PBAC优于基于割草机,UCB和基于MVI的方法,尤其是在使用至少三辆车辆时。
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在本文中,我们介绍Bayesldm,这是一个用于贝叶斯纵向数据建模的系统,该系统由高级建模语言组成,具有针对复杂的多变量时间序列数据建模的特定功能,并与编译器相结合,可以生成优化的概率程序代码,以在指定模型中执行指定的推理。 Bayesldm支持贝叶斯网络模型的建模,其特定关注动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)的高效,声明性规范。 Bayesldm编译器将模型规范与可用数据和输出代码相结合,用于执行贝叶斯推断,以同时处理丢失的数据,同时处理未知模型参数。这些功能有可能通过抽象产生计算有效的概率推断代码的过程来显着加速域中的迭代建模工作流,这些迭代建模工作流程涉及复杂纵向数据的分析。我们描述了Bayesldm系统组件,评估表示和推理优化的效率,并提供了该系统在分析异质和部分观察到的移动健康数据的应用示例。
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明显大小的时间变化(称为光曲线)是望远镜在长时间内捕获的感兴趣的观察统计。光曲线提供了空间域意识(SDA)目标(例如对象识别或姿势估计)作为潜在变量推理问题等目标的探索。与较高的精确仪器相比,来自货架上商业架子(COTS)摄像机的地面观测仍然很便宜,但是,有限的传感器可用性与嘈杂的观察结果相结合,可能会产生可能难以建模的gappy时间序列数据。这些外部因素混淆了对光曲线的自动开发,这使光曲线预测和外推成为应用的关键问题。传统上,使用基于扩散或基于示例的方法解决了图像或时间序列的完成问题。最近,由于学习复杂的非线性嵌入方面的经验成功,深度神经网络(DNNS)已成为首选工具。但是,DNN通常需要大量的培训数据,而这些数据不一定在查看单个卫星的光曲线的独特功能时可用。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法,可以使用高斯工艺(GPS)预测光曲线的缺失和未来数据点。 GPS是非线性概率模型,可推断后验分布在功能上并自然量化不确定性。但是,GP推理和培训的立方缩放是其在应用中采用的主要障碍。特别是,单个光曲线可以具有数十万个观测值,这远远超出了单个机器上常规GP的实际实现极限。因此,我们采用MUYGP,这是一种可扩展的框架,用于使用最近的邻居稀疏和局部交叉验证的GP模型的超参数估计。 muygps ...
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现在,可以使用最先进的神经语言模型通过零射门提示来解决临时语言任务,而无需进行监督培训。近年来,这种方法已广受欢迎,研究人员证明了提示在特定的NLP任务上实现强烈准确的提示。但是,找到新任务的提示需要实验。具有不同措辞选择的不同提示模板会导致明显的准确性差异。提示允许用户尝试及时变化,可视化及时性能,并迭代优化提示。我们开发了一个工作流程,该工作流程允许用户首先使用少量数据专注于模型反馈,然后再进入大型数据制度,该数据制度允许使用任务的定量度量来实现有希望的提示的经验基础。然后,该工具可以轻松部署新创建的临时模型。我们使用多种现实世界用例演示了Fackide(http://prompt.vizhub.ai)和我们的工作流程的实用性。
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